Help me understand how finger tight studs don't loosen up on tightening the nut. And some more about studs.

  1. Nuts, bolts, fasteners, and plumbing by Carrol Smith mentions that the studs are only to be finger tight. But when I tighten a nut, what prevents the rotation of stud (due to friction between nut and stud) and creating deeper thread in engine casing?

  2. Why is bottoming of stud not a good idea if all are are doing is putting stud in tension? Anyway the load is taken by threads.

  3. If sealant like loctite is used between stud and casing to prevent rotation of stud, shouldn't the nut be tightened only after loctite is set rather than before?

  4. autoserviceprofessional.com mentions that studs can have more accurate and consistent torque loading because there is no torsional load. Considering of all total applied torque, 10% goes to elongation and ~45% on friction on head and ~45% on thread friction, and presence of both thread friction as well as friction of nuts and washer in stud, there is still torsional load as far as I understand. So how are studs more accurate and consistent in torque loading?

Note: Additional good resource are also welcome on threaded fasteners are also welcome.

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